Testosterone Enanthate is the generic name of the drug and its USAN and BAN. [15] [16] [18] [19] It was also known as testosterone heptanoate. [15] [16] [18] [19] Testosterone was first synthesized in 1935. Soon after, it was reported that athletes injected it to improve their athletic performance (Nieschlag and Nieschlag, 2014). The U.S. government passed the Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990, which designated testosterone as a Schedule III controlled substance. It was not until 2003 that steroid use by professional and Olympic athletes was widely recognized (Coward et al., 2013). The national law enforcement effort, dubbed Operation Cyber Juice, which involved more than 30 U.S. investigations in 20 states, resulted in 90 arrests. In addition, investigators seized 16 underground steroid laboratories; 134,000 doses of steroids; 636 kilograms of raw steroid powder; 8,200 liters of raw steroid injectable fluid; and more than $2 million in cash and assets.
Doctors may prescribe steroids to patients for legitimate medical purposes such as loss of testicular function, breast cancer, low red blood cell count, delayed puberty, and impaired conditions due to surgery or disease. Veterinarians administer steroids to animals (for example, cats, cattle, dogs, and horses) for legitimate purposes, such as promoting feed efficiency and improving weight gain, vitality, and coat. They are also used in veterinary practice to treat anemia and counteract tissue breakdown during illness and trauma. There are several sources for illegal use; The most common illegal source is the smuggling of steroids into the United States from other countries such as Mexico and European countries. Smuggling out of these areas is easier because no prescription is needed to purchase steroids. Less commonly, steroids found on the illicit market will be produced from legitimate sources (such as theft or inappropriate prescriptions) or in secret laboratories. Underground steroid labs like those discovered on-site are usually stocked with the finished steroid product, raw steroid powder, chemicals needed for conversion, and conversion kits with instructions. These products usually come from the Internet from Chinese chemical companies and clandestine suppliers.
Side effects of testosterone enanthate include virilization. [4] About 10% of testosterone enanthate is converted to dihydrotestosterone in normal men. [11] Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) may promote male characteristics in both men and women. These male characteristics include: clitoral hypertrophy, androgenic alopecia, body hair growth, and deepening of the vocal cords. Dihydrotestosterone also plays an important role in male sexual function and may also be a contributing factor to ischemic priapism in men, as shown by a study on the use of finasteride to treat ischemic priapism in men. Testosterone enanthate can also lead to an increase in igf-1 and igf-bp. [12] [13] Testosterone enanthate can also be converted to estradiol by aromatase,[14] which can lead to gynecomastia in men. Simple possession of illegally acquired anabolic steroids carries a maximum penalty of one year in prison and a fine of at least $1,000 if it is the first drug offence. The maximum penalty for human trafficking is five years in prison and a fine of $250,000 if it is the first drug offence. If it is the second drug offence, the maximum jail term and the maximum fine are doubled. While the penalties listed above apply to federal offenses, individual states have also introduced fines and penalties for illegal use of anabolic steroids.
In April 2012, a federal search warrant was executed at Sergeant`s home. Officers found steroid powders, steroid processing and packaging equipment, syringes, computers used to order and sell steroids over the Internet, and three firearms. Sergeant admitted that he ordered steroid powder from China, processed and packaged the steroids, sold the steroids to customers throughout the United States, and shipped the steroids through the U.S. Postal Service. He said he sold about $80,000 worth of steroids at $40 per vial. Anabolic steroids are synthetic variants of the natural male hormone testosterone. Both men and women produced testosterone in their bodies: men in the testicles and women in the ovaries and other tissues. The full name of this class of drugs is androgenic (promoting male characteristics) anabolic (tissue-forming) steroids (the class of drugs). Some of the most abused steroids are Deca-Durabolina, Durabolinâ, Equipoise and Winstrola. Common street names (slang) for anabolic steroids are Arnolds, fitness candy, push-ups, roids, forklifts, strength trainers, and juices. Anabolic steroids are synthetic variants of the natural male hormone testosterone and are regulated under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) as a Schedule III controlled substance. As a Schedule III controlled substance, they cannot be legally possessed in the United States without a prescription.
Distribution and possession with intent to distribute anabolic steroids by a person who is not registered with the AMD, such as a doctor or pharmacy, is illegal and is a violation of the CSA. When the U.S. Government Accountability Office placed 22 orders for AAS on websites with a credit card, it received 14 shipments, of which it found real AAS in ten shipments. All packages were shipped in anonymous packages from pharmacies in Europe and Asia (Brennan et al., 2013). The United States Accountability Office expected the average user who illegally orders testosterone online to be active in organized sports from their late teens to 20s. Cohen et al. (2007) surveyed thousands of users, and found that. Testosterone Enanthate is available in the United States and widely available elsewhere in the world.
[21] [16] [19] Testosterone enanthate (testosterone heptanoate) is often available at concentrations of 200 mg per milliliter of fluid. [22] «Striving to have big muscles can mean big business. Criminals will take advantage of the desires of those seeking an advantage in physical performance or achieving perfect physical fitness,» said DEA Special Agent Doug Coleman. «The illegal use and abuse of steroids is a dangerous game with serious consequences, both physical and legal. DEA agents will target, investigate and arrest steroid manufacturers and distributors and expose their underground operations. From about 2009 to April 2012, Sergent illegally distributed anabolic steroids from his home in Telford, Tennessee. It received raw steroid powders and other materials through the U.S. Postal Service and other source carriers in China. Sergent then processed the steroids and packaged them in vials containing approximately 300 milliliters of a solution containing an anabolic steroid to include the Schedule III anabolic steroid Boldenone Undecylenate, often referred to by the trade name «Equipoise.» He then sold the steroids to customers in East Tennessee as well as customers in the United States. Testosterone enanthate, or testosterone 17β-heptanoate, is a synthetic androstane steroid and a derivative of testosterone. [15] [16] It is an androgenic ester; In particular, it is the C17β enanthate ester (heptanoate) of testosterone.
[15] [16] It is legal to buy testosterone online, but only with a prescription. DEA prescribing guidelines require patients to have a valid medical condition diagnosed by a physician with whom they have a legitimate physician-patient relationship (Clement et al., 2012). You should expect U.S. doctors online prescribing testosterone to follow a protocol that requires a preliminary blood test, medical history, and physical exam, as well as a discussion of the risks and benefits of using testosterone based on your lab values, medical history, and symptom profile.