www.asterslaw.comtel: +380 44 230 6000 | Fax: +380 44 230 6001Leonardo Business Center, 14th Fl. | | from Kiev 01054 | Ukraine As a member of the most respected networks – LexMundi, World Services Group, Legalink, Biolegis, Energy Law Group – Asters is able to meet all the business needs of clients with preferential access to high-level law firms worldwide. Cybersecurity: cyber advice, including compliance with cybersecurity legislation by operators of critical information infrastructures; cyber defence and investigation of high-tech incidents, including cybercrime, which facilitate the collection of digital evidence admissible before courts and law enforcement agencies; Information security audits of networks, systems, applications and other assets; Implementation of an information security management system; Cybersecurity training and awareness programs. Asters has been named Law Firm of the Year: Ukraine by The Lawyer European Awards for the second year in a row. The 2021 ranking recognizes the company`s quarantine project, which required the revision of the company`s strategy combined with urgent tactics in these difficult times. He also highlights the team`s long-standing commitment and mentions that many of them will remain with the company for more than a decade. The ranking summarizes the company`s successes and states that «Asters is a pioneer in Ukraine and beyond» for its quick and decisive response, as well as for its understanding of how to invest from a long-term perspective. Asters USA PLLC focuses on cross-border investigations and litigation, as well as trade and regulatory issues affecting Ukraine. International trade: import and export of goods in accordance with Ukrainian legislation; customs clearance procedures; anti-dumping and safeguard investigations; WTO rules and legislation. We address the most complex legal challenges of Aster`s offices in the jurisdictions most important to our clients.

We are unique in Ukraine for our combination of established world-class quality, international recognition, strong local roots and deep expertise. Asters is again the Ukrainian law firm of the year by The LawyerAsters, December 2021 Competition law and antitrust: merger control; concerted practices; abuse of a dominant position; compliance with the contest; restrictive and discriminatory practices; antitrust investigations; unfair competition; Review of public procurement. Founded in 1995, Asters is Ukraine`s largest full-service law firm with offices in Kiev, Brussels, Washington, D.C. and London. The firm provides effective transactional legal advice and represents clients in a wide range of matters arising in the course of its business in Ukraine. Asters combines established world-class quality, international recognition and a strong local presence. Asters is named Ukrainian Law Firm of the Year by The Lawyer (2021, 2020), Who`s Who Legal (2021, 2020) and Chambers & Partners (2020); and was named the No. 1 law firm in Ukraine according to the annual national ranking of the weekly legal practice of the 50 best law firms 2020 and has been included in the top 3 law firms in Ukraine in the last 16 years.

Asters was also named Law Firm of the Year and Law Firm of the Decade at Legal Practice Weekly`s 2020 and 2016 Legal Awards ceremonies. The firm is also highly recommended in Ukraine by major international reviews, including IFLR1000, Chambers Global and Chambers Europe, The Legal 500. The firm`s partners and lawyers are distinguished by the best peer-reviewed surveys in the world, such as Best Lawyers, Expert Guides and Who`s Who Legal. Asters provides a full range of legal services and enjoys a high reputation for its expertise in a wide range of practices, such as banking and finance, capital markets, corporate and mergers and acquisitions, competition and antitrust law, compliance and anti-corruption, dispute resolution, energy and resources, environment, family law, intellectual property, international trade, labour and employment, mediation, public-private partnership, real estate, restructuring and insolvency, sports, taxation, telecommunications and white-collar crime. The firm has extensive industry-specific experience and plays a leading role in advising clients in various market sectors, including agriculture, automotive, aviation, banking and finance, energy, infrastructure and transportation, insurance, media and advertising, oil and gas, pharmaceuticals and healthcare, private equity, real estate and construction, retail and consumer goods, telecommunications and IT. All Asters lawyers have obtained their Ukrainian law degrees from the best Ukrainian law schools and have developed problem-solving skills and experience during years of working in business law. Most lawyers are fluent in English. Some of our lawyers have earned Master of Laws degrees from leading American and European universities such as Yale Law School, Chicago Law School, Harvard and New York University, and have gained extensive international experience with leading international law firms in the United States, the United Kingdom and Ukraine. ■ Advising the IFC and ebrd on large-scale financing in the Ukrainian market with a total value of approximately USD 2.7 billion Compliance and anti-corruption: development of anti-corruption policies and programmes; anti-corruption tests; Provide local support for global compliance due diligence; Manage internal investigations into allegations of misconduct; compliance risk assessment; the development of defence strategies; Represent clients before courts and government agencies on anti-corruption and other compliance matters; Compliance training for customer employees. Find this company`s services according to your needs using the location, practice area, or band filter below.

Intellectual property: trademarks; patents; copyright; trade secrets and confidential information; Due diligence; Parallel import, franchising, licensing and distribution agreements; Litigation, unfair competition issues. ■ Advising PRADA Group in full support of all day-to-day legal matters and operation of its first single-brand store in Ukraine, including issues related to operations during quarantine ■ Successful representation of ASK Technology Group Limited, one of Hong Kong`s leading manufacturers of multi-GPU systems for mining, rendering and AI, at hearings before the SCC Arbitration Institute regarding the trial for defective systems for cryptocurrency mining provided by ASK Technology Group Limited ■ Continued support from Webuild SpA, an Italian industrial group specializing in building and civil engineering, in a wide range of local legal issues, including public works contracts, restructurings, litigation, etc.

Each year, the ABA Standing Committee on Pro Bono and the Public Service offers the Summer Partner Challenge to law firms that provide pro bono legal services through the ABA`s Free Legal Answers. But it`s not just their product that`s innovative. Your marketing is also up to date. Avvo uses the content marketing model. They offer researchers real value for free, so they use the brand if they are willing to invest money to solve a legal problem. But that doesn`t mean the free legal advice isn`t there. Free Legal Answers – If you have a low income and are eligible for the program, you can direct your civil law questions to the American Bar Association. Volunteer lawyers provide answers free of charge. They will not talk about criminal prosecution. I`m trying to find legal answers to letters from various law firms saying that Amex has filed a lawsuit in Galveston County and they can seize my bank account, Texas is a debt-free state, creditors can`t do the things these lawyers say. ABA Free Legal Answers is grateful for the essential partnership with Baker Donelson and its support. The firm`s generous contributions include strategic leadership, web development and technology services, annual financial contributions, and pro bono counsel who provide clients with brief legal advice from the outset.

Thank you for improving access to legal services across the country. I can`t afford to pay for a lawyer due to the circumstances, but I have received divorce documents, is there a way to postpone it for a month or 2 to try to find a mobile scale lawyer or a pro bono lawyer? Thank you for answering this question! Ironically, the fact that you say that the support of your parents may be a factor in denying your emancipation. To emancipate oneself, one must generally show that one is able to support oneself. A non-legal tip: Why hurry? There may come a time when. Read more » National Disability Rights Network – Find legal service providers by state for people with disabilities. Personally, I used Reddit for this purpose. To my surprise, I received good advice from real legal experts! Whether you`re a lawyer looking for places to find clients or want to evaluate your competitors, here are some sources of legal advice that are truly free. Qualified individuals may ask legal questions and have them answered by a pro bono lawyer. Legal Services Corporation (LSC) – Find legal aid for low-income individuals and families. Talk to a lawyer through a phone bank or locally televised online chat.

LawHelp.org – Find free legal aid programs in your community. Find information about your legal rights by topic, such as housing, divorce, family allowances and debt collection. Yes, it will be easy to get legal advice from these websites. But authentication could be an issue. Another interesting option is to seek the legal advice of experts in this field. And it`s also free at first. Individual lawyers (also called lawyers) are experts in various areas of law. Some lawyers specialize in a specific area of law, such as commercial, civil, criminal or juvenile law. You need to determine what type of lawyer is right for your legal situation. Once you`ve found a lawyer, ask questions about their experience, areas of expertise, and questions such as «How would you handle my case?» and «What do you charge for your services/what does your fee structure look like?» Despite the ranking of «free legal advice», Rocket Lawyer is not free.

You can get a free legal form, and there are some free tips on the site. So it`s not a bad place to gather information. But you won`t get as much for free as with Avvo. In addition to these events, we also offer free legal education courses that can answer your questions about paternity/custody, divorce, small debt, preparation for litigation and litigation, bankruptcy and more. For more information, see www.lacsn.org/classes. Pro Bono and Free Legal Aid – Find free or low-income legal assistance. You should contact an accident/injury lawyer in your area to discuss your case specifically —– Most lawyers who receive calls and inquiries on the subject offer free/free advice. In addition to asking your friends and family for the name of a good lawyer or checking the phone book, you can find legal counsel online. Pro bono attorneys participate in a number of public programs designed to help South Carolina residents solve the legal issues they face. Browse the following programs to find an opportunity near you. The Southern Nevada Legal Aid Center offers free consultations over the phone, where you can ask an experienced attorney any questions you have in the areas of family law, tenant rights, small claims, estate, debt collection, and child support. Whether your case concerns personal injury law (e.g., a car accident), criminal law, business law, family law, etc., it`s always best to find a local lawyer who will offer free consultations.

This is Google`s second result for «free legal advice.» But it should be the first. The American Bar Association recognized Avvo in 2015 for its innovative delivery of legal services. They offer people a 15-minute phone call with a lawyer for a fixed amount. Justia.com & Avvo are the two websites that are pretty decent when it comes to answering a simple legal question. It takes a few days, but not immediately, and sometimes you don`t get an answer at all. They will show you links of a similar nature or keywords to your own question that can at least point you in the right direction. I thought this list should be for all free legal issues. This website itself listed paid websites, not free websites for legal issues. Sort of redundant.

Have you used any of these websites to get free legal advice? How was your experience? Are there other good sources of free legal advice that I missed? Let me know in the comments! Your donation allows low-income citizens to get answers to their legal questions from licensed volunteer lawyers in their state ABA Free Legal Answers is grateful for the generous investment of the American Arbitration Association-International Centre for Dispute Resolution in the program since 2019. This partnership reinforces our shared mission to improve access to legal services and improve outcomes for individuals and families in need. Do you need help with a legal issue, but can`t afford to pay for a lawyer? We have your answer! ABA Free Legal Answers is a website where you can submit your questions on civil (non-criminal) legal issues and get answers from pro bono lawyers in your state. Legal questions are asked online – all you need is an internet connection. Volunteer lawyers are able to answer your questions outside of normal business hours – you don`t need to visit a clinic or legal advice centre. So often, googling «Free X» will bring you non-free results. Free legal advice is no exception. Content marketing means clear answers to simple and free legal problems. You don`t pay until/unless your problem requires individual attorney time. This also makes it a great source of leads for smart but unknown lawyers.

The site is very well designed. It is intuitive to use. And while I can`t guarantee the quality of the legal advice, the answers are well written. Immigration Legal Services – Search your state for free legal service providers. for people in immigration proceedings. Too often, these «best of» lists point to websites that cater to you as «Mericans.» I`ll just take a chance and ask anyway, because I bet there are parallels between the legal systems of Can&tbe US. Sb. direct me to equivalent Canucks sites, if you know them, thank you. All LiveChat services, including navigation aid, legal information, and legal advice, are completely free. Seniors Care Locator – Enter your postal code to find local offices for aging and legal aid organizations.

Pension Rights Centre – Get free legal help if you have problems with your pension, profit-sharing or retirement savings. Can anyone tell me? if you have a case that is definitely a winning case; based on your knowledge of what is legal; So why do you have to pay for a lawyer to represent you? I would recommend hiring a lawyer to help you with your bankruptcy.

Our research strategy aims to identify published literature. It is designed to identify indexed datasets, including articles and book chapters. It will also include U.S. law journals, which are academic journals that will undergo a standard exam process for students. Publications are not limited to working in legal journals, as examiners are interested in what people working in other fields consider to be important legal concerns (or even whether they are discussing legal concerns). Articles in medical, social science, computer science or engineering journals that raise legal concerns or solutions to these issues are included in this journal. We will not include abstracts and conference proceedings. Aging lawmakers in government offices are certainly not in touch with digital technologies. However, as more and more companies invest in AI, big data and machine learning, technological development is advancing without restrictions or legal regulations. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (Royal College). Report of the Working Group on Artificial Intelligence and New Digital Technologies.

Ottawa: NCPC; 2020. «I wish to clarify that I do not consider the argument that the owner/controller of an artificially intelligent machine is the `actual inventor of the invention` to be inappropriate in any way. Whether or not the argument succeeds is another question and not a question for this appeal: but it would be wrong to regard this decision as discouraging an applicant from at least making the application when it is recommended. «Basic information at the dataset level includes the year of publication, disciplinary area of interest (e.g., law, medicine), geographic information (e.g., country, region), type of publication, study design, language of publication, and health-related area of interest. For example, we will identify the medical specialty in which AI and legal concerns are confronted. For categorization, we will design a list of specialties (based on the list used by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, but we will modify it to add, for example, specializations in family medicine). If this list is not sufficient to capture the purpose (e.g., general practice, medical administration, electronic health record), we will extract the information verbatim as described in the original record. Since this is a scoping review and is intended to be iterative, and the information gathered can feed into future phases, any additional decisions regarding what data to extract beyond the protocol phase are explained transparently in the distal dissemination. Henderson AM. Teasing Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: An Ethical Critique of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Medicine. J Bioethical investigation.

2021;18:121–39. Simply put, a manufacturer can be held responsible for production failures, hardware malfunctions, software failures. However, if the AI system has been used flawlessly, learns from its environment (as with self-driving cars) or large amounts of data (as in the medical example above) or the internet and causes damage, there may be a gap in liability in the current legal framework. Forum ai of New Zealand. Artificial intelligence for health in New Zealand. Northshore: New Zealand AI Forum; 2019. Provide key legal terms of liability for decisions made by or through smart systems and compensation for consequential damages. Hewlett Packard Enterprise also works on the ethics and principles of AI. One of the main problems with AI ethics is AI bias. According to HPE AI Ethics and Principles, AI: Under the guidance of two experts, we are developing a highly sensitive search strategy to identify relevant datasets. Preliminary pilot research by MEDLINE® and HeinOnline was conducted to test the design research and its ability to identify key elements. The titles, abstracts, keywords and medical topic headers (MeSH) in MEDLINE® of the key articles were analysed to develop the final search strategy.

For more information, see Table 1. The MEDLINE search® was reviewed by an independent information specialist using the Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (press) checklist [20]. This original research strategy will be adapted to search other medical, legal and multidisciplinary databases, as appropriate. The following electronic databases are searched: MEDLINE® (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), HeinOnline Law Journal Library, Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals (HeinOnline), Index to Legal Periodicals and Books (EBSCO), Web of Science, Scopus and IEEE Xplore. Given the complexity of the research (e.g., its multidisciplinary research), strategies are complemented by manually searching for reference lists of all relevant full-text documents to identify alternative sources [21]. Search results are exported to proprietary verification software (Covidence) to facilitate review processes and manage each step of the exam (e.g., deduplication, eligibility assessment). In our next article, we`ll discuss the types of questions we plan to ask in terms of AI and contractual liability, and how they could be developed in court. Let`s take another example in an enterprise environment. There are many AI-based legal solutions that have recently been commercialized for in-house lawyers.

The most important are automated contract negotiation solutions, where the «smart» system identifies, for example, the riskiest clauses and suggests alternative formulations.

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime notes that «when using the figures, any cross-border comparison should be made with caution because of the differences that exist between the legal definitions of crime in countries or the different methods of counting and recording crimes.» In addition, not all crimes are reported, so two things; (1) Robbery rates will appear lower than they actually are, and (2) The percentage of crimes that go unreported will be higher in some countries than in others – in one country, 86% of robberies were reported, while in another country, only 67% of robberies were reported. The last thing to keep in mind is that crime will vary depending on specific neighborhoods or areas in each country, so just because a national rate is a certain rate doesn`t mean that everywhere in that country retains the same amount of danger or safety. The penalties for conviction for armed robbery depend on the offences that are deemed to have been committed during the robbery. armed robbery, in criminal law, an aggravated form of theft, which includes the use of a lethal weapon to use force or the threat of violence (intimidation) against a victim. If a weapon is used to attack someone on the property during the burglary, the perpetrator will usually also be charged with assault, or else he could be charged with robbery. This can include a street robbery or theft of a store, business or security vehicle. A claim may be unjustified, regardless of whether the person making it is legally entitled to what it requires, because even if the claim is considered reasonable, the reinforcement must also be considered appropriate. Therefore, a charge of extortion could be successful if a charge of robbery failed because the defendant had a claim in that regard (or believed he was entitled to what he was asking for) and therefore had not acted dishonestly. There is no specific «armed robbery» offense, but there are several different offensives you could be charged with if you are suspected of committing a robbery while armed with an offensive weapon. The common law offence of robbery was abolished by section 32(1)(a) of the Theft for Any Purpose Other Than Those Committed Before January 1, 1969.[23] «Of course, everything related to the removal and use of the BMW, such as any car removed without the owner`s permission, indicates the intention to treat such a car independently of the rights of the owner.

This is the test of conversion into civil law. But not all conversions are thefts. The flight presupposes the additional intention to permanently steal the owner or the intention of replacement in accordance with § 6 Abs. 1. The fact that ingestion becomes more violent, thus triggering a case of robbery when there is an underlying case of theft, does not in itself transform what would be a robbery if there were a theft into a case of theft without theft. An abuser may also serve a longer prison sentence if convicted of other offences such as assault and aggravated assault in addition to robbery. After a police interrogation for theft with an offensive weapon, one of the following situations occurs: For a free initial consultation, urgent professional advice, immediate representation or to speak to us confidentially about an arrest or charges related to armed robbery, do not hesitate to contact us. Armed robbery can be something as small as stealing someone from the street to raid a gas station, bank, or other commercial enterprise.

Despite the magnitude of the event, when used, a weapon is still classified as «armed robbery,» which could mean a hefty prison sentence. The maximum penalties for conviction for some of the most common crimes related to armed robbery are as follows: Learn more about the crime of armed robbery Robbery is the crime of taking on something of value through violence, the threat of violence or fear of the victim or trying to take on something of value. Under customary law, robbery is defined as the removal of another person`s property with the intention of permanently depriving that person of that property by violence or fear; That is, it is a theft or theft that is carried out by an attack. [1] The exact definitions of the offence may vary by jurisdiction. Robbery differs from other forms of theft (such as burglary, shoplifting, pickpocketing or car theft) in its inherently violent nature (a violent crime); Although many small forms of theft are punishable as misdemeanors, robbery is still a crime in jurisdictions that distinguish between the two. Under English law, most forms of theft are negotiable in one way or another, while theft is only possible on charges. The word «rob» comes from the French late Latin words (e.g. deraubare) of Germanic origin, from the common Germanic raub «vol».

In R v. Hale (1978)[8], the use of force and theft took place at various locations, and it was not possible to determine the timing; It was concluded that the credit required to prove the theft was an ongoing act and the jury was able to properly convict the theft. This approach was adopted in R v. Lockley (1995)[9] when violence was applied to a merchant after goods were taken. It was argued that the flight should be considered complete at that time and that R. v. Gomez (1993)[10] should apply; the court disagreed and preferred to follow r. v. Hale. The book Archbold said that the facts in R v Harman,[12] which did not constitute theft in 1620, no longer constituted theft.[13] In many cases, we are able to help customers avoid charges or waive charges at the beginning of an investigation. If you are charged with crimes related to armed robbery, we can help you through law enforcement and ensure that you have the best possible legal representation. Contact us now for legal assistance in the event of armed robbery.

The definition does not include the need for the property to be legally owned or controlled by the person who owns or controls it. Therefore, for example, a charge of theft is laid if the property consists of drugs that are in the illegal possession of a person, or property that the «victim» himself has stolen.

3.1 Legal reserveAccording to State Law No. 20.922 of 16 October 2013, all rural land must receive areas with native vegetation cover as a legal reserve, without prejudice to the application of the regulations on permanent protected areas, which respect minimum percentages in relation to the land area. As a rule, this percentage is 20% of the total area of the property, except in the cases provided for by law. Owners or owners of rural real estate without legal reserve areas should offer their institution when registering rural property in the car. The area proposed for the establishment of the reserve should be located in an area covered with native vegetation or for recreational purposes, also respecting the criteria listed by law:I. the watershed master plan;II. ecological-economic zoning – EEZ;III. the formation of ecological corridors with another legal reserve, APP, nature conservation unit or other legally protected area;IV. areas of the highest importance for the conservation of biological diversity;V. areas with the greatest environmental resilience. The legal reserve is the area of rural land that, covered with natural vegetation, can be explored with sustainable forest management within the legally established boundaries for the biome in which the property is located. Because it protects a representative part of the natural environment of the region in which it is inserted, and therefore it becomes necessary to preserve local biodiversity.

The statutory reserve may be balanced in areas that meet the following criteria: be equivalent to the statutory reserve in the extension of the area to be compensated; are located in the same biome as the legal reserve area to be cleared; if they are not declared, are located in areas that have been classified as priorities by the European Union or the States (Art. 66, § 6). In the case of parcels of land divided into parcels, the legal reserve area may be implemented in one or more lots in order to reach the percentage required by law for the creation of the reserve. Land not intended for ARL can be sold, with its area fully available for construction. In addition, the settlement of the legal reserve must precede the registration of the property in the Rural Environment Register (CAR) and can be done in the following circumstances: Today, as we have already seen, the concept is more restrictive. The legal reserve, which, together with permanent preservation areas, aims to ensure the conservation of local biodiversity, is a legal step forward in the attempt to curb deforestation and agricultural pressure on forest areas and native vegetation. Environmentalists defend its preservation, the productive sector argues that it is an inappropriate intrusion of the state into private property that would reduce the competitiveness of agriculture and the country`s productive capacity. I have an area of 6 alqueires in Paraná, about this new forest law, what would be the reserve area that I should have!!!?, declare in the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA) that you want to compensate your legal reserve d) the registration of another area that corresponds to and exceeds the legal reserve, belonging to the same property or belonging to third parties, with native vegetation, which has established itself in regeneration or recomposition, provided that it is in the same biome. There is a bill drafted by Senator Flávio Bolsonaro that proposes the end of legal reserve zones (LRAs). It should be remembered that in addition to the arl, there are also other restrictions for owners of rural real estate, such as the impossibility of promoting deforestation in permanent conservation areas – APP. I have an area of 0.5 hectares of land in rural property with ITR in my name with almost all nature reserves is in ferraz de vasconcelos is registered with the CAR, I want to negotiate because I do not have time to worry about whether my father has already died and an intact paraiso of nature is interested in his contact zap 011 96085-5507 It is to every rural owner, register with the competent environmental authority (state or municipality) by registering with the Rural Environment Registry – RCA. The details of the registration of the legal reserve depend on the legislation of each state.

Once the registration has been made, the change of its destination is prohibited in the event of transfer or dismemberment, with the exception of the cases provided for by law (art. 18). In general, in areas of the legal reserve, the extraction of natural resources, shallow cutting, land use change and commercial use are prohibited, except in cases approved by the Environment Agency through the management plan, or in cases of agroforestry and ecotourism systems. bought a chacara of a thousand meters with another legal reserve of 400m. Can I surround the Chacara on the 400m of the Legal Resaerva? In this sense, an alternative adopted by the New Forest Code to regularize consolidated areas in areas with statutory reserves is by compensation, that©© is, the purchase of reserve areas covered with natural vegetation in a property that is different from the property that needs regularization. I have an area of 79 shrubs, with 60% of the native forest for environmental compensation. Any protected area, with water source and house. Immediate availability. All documented areas, near the town of Silva Jardim-RJ (110 km from Rio de Janeiro). Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) are protected areas, and native vegetation must be preserved to preserve water resources, landscape, geological stability, biodiversity, gene flow of fauna and flora, in addition to protecting the soil and ensuring the well-being of the human population. When we think of deforestation, images such as illegal loggers, burns and corruption come to mind, but the legal provision guarantees this possibility of «removing» local vegetation without calling the action a crime. To do this, the property must be registered in the CAR – Register of the Rural Environment – and have a permit from the competent state authority.

Since the owner is regulated, the removal of demarcated vegetation from the local area is allowed. In this article, we will discuss the compensation of statutory reserves (CRL) and what the new forest code has about it. This forest reserve should not have an area of 100 hectares, as it severely affects small farmers and makes production more difficult.

The ATF has long believed that adding a vertical front grip to a pistol makes an AOW subject to the requirements of the National Firearms Act (NFA). If your AR pistol does not have an OAL larger than 26 inches, you should not add a vertical front handle unless you first submit a Form 1 and have it approved. According to this flowchart, moving forward on an AR with a fixed mag is not illegal. High-capacity magazines defined by the state as more than 10 cartridges are not allowed to be sold in California. On Tuesday, November 30, 2021, a federal appeals court upheld a ban on their possession approved by California voters in a 7-4 decision. I went to my shooting range today to have my AR-15 checked for another reason. When the worker took it out again, he told me that my vertical anticipation was illegal in July 2018 and suggested buying an inclined anticipation to replace it. It`s true? The AFG should therefore be suitable for everyone, including «non-functional» firearms. The legal term in the PC CA is «a front pistol grip.» The AWB CA says nothing about being vertical, nor does it list any angles. Only that it is «a handle that allows a pistol-style grip before the trigger».

In an open letter sent to federal firearms licence holders in April 2006, the ATF explained its interpretation of the law: the installation of a vertical forward handle on a handgun is equivalent to the manufacture of a firearm or any other weapon (AOW) and is subject to registration and taxation, with significant penalties for . Soon after, gun manufacturers simply started selling California guns, which were very similar to those on the prohibited gun list. They were usually legal to sell in the state. The difference? These firearms had new names. A non-functional rifle (in California) is a rifle that has none of the following rifles: pistol grip. front pistol grip. If you are «without function» and have a crooked handle, yes, it is illegal. I have a fixed Mag-Lock Gen 1, but the worker within my reach in Ventura County told me I could no longer have my vertical grip pod FRESNO, Calif. (KFSN) – Starting July 1, firearms like an AR-15 with a bullet button, pistol grip, lightning cutter, and folding tree will be considered «offensive weapons.» Weapons that fall into the category of «assault weapons» must be registered with the California Department of Justice by the end of June 30.

Even before the ban, there were a large number of offensive weapons in the state. Californians who already owned weapons classified as assault weapons in 1989 — and in the years following the evolution of the legislation — were able to register their firearms with the California Department of Justice and keep them legally. Today, more than 185,000 offensive weapons are registered with the state, according to Judge Benitez`s June decision, which cites state data. This is the best rifle handle without features to make your AR-15 California legal. It allows you to wrap your thumb around the handle without it being classified as a forbidden pistol grip. It is safer than others by giving the shooter more control over his rifle. In 1999, lawmakers targeted imitated guns and extended the ban not only to named firearms, but also to categories of semi-automatic firearms that combined certain «features» such as pistol grips for both hands. A California Supreme Court decision allowed the ban to be extended to take effect next year. But here too, those who already possessed them were allowed to register and retain the target weapons. The original 1989 legislation identified as offensive weapons a list of makes and models of weapons that could then – with a few exceptions – be purchased anywhere in the state. There was a big caveat: assault weapons purchased before the law was passed had a grandfather.

People could register and own them legally. Courts have repeatedly rejected legal challenges to California`s assault weapons law.16 If the Supreme Court decides to pass the state`s ban on assault weapons, for many, it will be more than just if some Californians can legally purchase an AR-15 rifle with a removable magazine and pistol grip. This could set a precedent for the future of gun control, both in the state and across the country. A Californian rifle «without function» with a fixed shaft, without pistol grip, muzzle brake, magazines with a maximum capacity of 10 shots. It has a regular magazine hook. The NRA/CMP`s competition rules were amended in 2017 to include firearms like this one from restrictive constitutional states. AR-15 without California-compliant functionality with Monsterman handle If you opt for a fin handle option, be sure to choose a non-foldable or non-telescopic shaft.

Motorcycle windshields make a difference when it comes to riding your motorcycle. Windshields ensure a safer and more comfortable experience. The windshield protects you from wind, rain and flying debris, insects and stones. This makes a big difference in the driver`s ability to drive for a longer period of time. Although motorcycle windshields are made of some kind of plexiglass and not glass like car windows, the installation of windshield shades on motorcycles is done in the same way as a normal installation of car window tints. First of all, you need to make sure that your windshield fits your motorcycle before you try to install it in case you have the wrong windshield or mounting kit. You should also make sure that the height of the windshield is appropriate. To verify this, you need help. Ask another person to keep the windshield exactly where you want it to be installed, then sit on the bike in the usual riding position and make sure it doesn`t obstruct your field of view and that its top edge is at your nose level. If the windshield is too low, you can use pads to mount it a little higher. And remember that every inch counts! When you are satisfied with the dimensions, start installing 🙂 Windshields are aerodynamically designed and, in most cases, help the bike cut through the air better while consuming less fuel. A smooth and uniform surface of the windshield cuts the wind better than any other exposed part of a motorcycle, which can only trigger the explosion by chance. So it makes sense that if the bike has a sleeker shape and therefore less air resistance, the fuel consumption is also lower, but these are slight differences.

Yet, think about it; The average motorcycle burns about 4/5 liters per 100 km, and even a small fuel economy can save you from driving another kilometer to the next station. It will also be a small step to protect our planet. Everything helps! Maybe you drove down the highway on a motorcycle and suddenly felt an involuntary tremor of your head? When this is the case, you feel like an invisible force is hitting your head from side to side, up and down and back and forth. In such a situation, it is difficult to focus on the road and after 10/15 minutes, your neck hurts and you feel terrible headaches. If so, you have been the victim of a wind explosion called a «tremor». Consulting online forums is another great option to come up with ideas for things related to your motorcycle. With a quick Google search, you can find hundreds of results. Many people have tried different things and found new ways to decorate and dye their windshield. Thanks for the excellent article! Lots of knowledge about motorcycle windshields gathered in one place.

The other option would be to dye the windshield. This prevents an obnoxious glow from getting into your eyes when driving and always gives you the advantage of having a windshield. We`ll go a little further into the sound of a motorcycle`s windshield and what that can mean for your motorcycle. After all, many people have tinted their windows to improve the appearance of their vehicles. If you don`t ride a motorcycle equipped with a windshield, most states require the use of eye protection for operators and, in some cases, passengers in order to avoid a ticket and fine for violating the law. A visor attached to your helmet offers a convenient alternative to glasses or sunglasses. Unlike goggles or sunglasses, which are easy to misplace or forget, the only way to forget to take a visor is to leave the helmet behind. For more information about deflectors, please read the article «What is a motorcycle wind deflector» Another important topic to consider is the height of the windshield, which depends on the height of the rider. The windshield must be selected «just right». It should not be too high, because if it gets dirty because of worms, dust or rain, it will prevent us from seeing the road, and if it is too low, it will direct a breath of air (with other obstacles) towards our helmet, which will become unbearable.

There is a simple rule that allows us to choose the right windshield, it says that the windshield must end at the level of our nose; Firstly, it will give us a good view, secondly, the airflow will be directed through our helmet. Another way to determine the exact height of the windshield is to place an object on the ground about 50 feet (15.25 m) from your motorcycle. Then we sit comfortably on the motorcycle, so that the rear suspension is bent in the riding position, and we observe the object placed there. The windshield should not make it difficult for us to see. A tinted or shaded motorcycle visor should improve riding safety by making it easier to see, so avoid using a visor that doesn`t do this for you. If you`ve thought about probing your motorcycle helmet but hesitated because you don`t know if it`s legal, we have a comprehensive guide on the subject to help you make a decision. It offers everything you need to know about dyeing motorcycle helmet sights, from state laws that affect it to the types of dyeing processes you may want to consider. What is the best way to clean a motorcycle windshield? And remember, never paint a motorcycle windshield that you actually look through.

Paint the windshield only if it is very small, which is only on the motorcycle for appearance. Of course, in case of a damaged visor or if the lighting conditions change during a motorcycle ride, a simple solution is to wear glasses or glasses with a transparent lens. If you have a visor that can be folded, you can ride with the glasses or glasses while respecting state laws. Spray the windshield with soapy water and wipe it with the towel. Rinse soap residue with clean water and dry with a towel. Cutting the tint of the window can be a difficult task. This is even more difficult because of their curvature if it is a motorcycle windshield.

Why it matters: Gun suppressors are often referred to as the hearing protection of the 21st century. Vermont confirmed this in 2015 when it authorized their ownership and use on shooting ranges. Thanks to the recent signature of p. 281, they will now also be legal during the hunt. Vermont now joins 40 other states that allow the use of oppressors in the pursuit of the game — allowing athletes to protect their hearing while maintaining situational awareness. The signing of p. 281 also marks the culmination of a decades-long effort by the Congressional Sportsmen`s Foundation, which followed field demonstrations and oral and written testimonies. Many silencers are attached to the firearm with threads screwed to a threaded barrel, while others can be made in the barrel, also known as a built-in suppressor. There are several manufacturers of different types of suppressors in VT that are readily available, but this is not an item that can be easily purchased off the shelf. «Oppressive hunting is a sensible good policy that will help protect hunters` hearing for generations to come,» said Representative Brennan. «Make no mistake: the oppressors don`t silence anything, but they reduce the noise to a safer level. However, don`t take my word for it – take the CDC.

In your opinion, the only effective way to reduce noise pollution from gunfire is to use an oppressor. The next generation of hunters don`t have to lose their hearing, like I did. I just wish I had been given the opportunity to use oppressors before it was too late. All transfers of ownership of firearms registered by the NFA must be made through the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Registry (the «NFA Registry»). [2] The NFA also requires that the permanent transport of NFA firearms across state borders by the owner be reported to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). The temporary transport of certain items, especially suppressors, does not need to be reported. An interesting use of a trust is that the trustee and the beneficiary can be the same person. In other words, instead of someone directly «owning» property, the property belongs to the trust and the trust belongs to the person. Confusing? Yes, but it allows real estate ownership, which has extensive legal advantages. EASTHAMPTON, MA – The American Suppressor Association (ASA) is pleased to announce that Yankee Hill Machine (YHM), a leading manufacturer of suppressors, AR-15 model firearms, NFA items, may also be transferred to companies (or other legal entities such as a trust).

If documents requesting the transfer of an NFA item are initiated by a company executive, fingerprint cards and photos of the official must be submitted with the removal request. This method has disadvantages because it is the company (not the customer) that owns the firearm. So if the company dissolves, it must hand over its NFA weapon to the owners. This event would be considered a new transfer and would be subject to a new transfer tax. [30] The Hughes amendment concerned only machine guns. All other NFA firearms are still legal for manufacture and registration by civilians under Form 1 and transfer registration to civilians via Form 4 (although some states have their own laws that govern NFA firearms that are legal there). Silencers and short-range rifles are generally the most popular NFA firearms among civilians, followed by short-range shotguns, destructive devices, and «other weapons.» While most NFA firearms are purchased from manufacturers and passed on to civilians through a dealer, many are manufactured by civilians themselves after filing a Form 1 and paying the $200 tax. Some types of NFA firearms can be relatively easy to manufacture, such as: making a short-barreled rifle (replacing the top receiver with a short-barreled rifle) or a short-barreled shotgun using a tube cutter to shorten the length of the barrel, while making other NFA firearms, such as suppressors, requires more technical skills.

[Citation needed] The requirements for the legal purchase of a suppressor in Vermont are as follows The only state that allows widespread possession of suppressors, but does not allow their use in hunting, is Connecticut. «Hollywood`s portrayal of oppressors may be entertaining, but it has no basis in reality,» said Knox Williams, executive director of the American Suppressor Association. «What`s real is that hearing loss related to the use of recreational weapons is a widespread problem that oppressors can solve. We commend Representative Till and Brennan for taking the indictment across party lines to protect the hearing of hunters in the great state of Vermont. We look forward to working together to ensure that future generations of Green Mountain State athletes are able to protect their hearing more effectively on the field. Eight states maintain the irrational prohibition on the possession and use of oppressors/silencers/silencers of firearms. Silencers and silencers in Vermont are designated by the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco Firearms and Explosives as Class 3 firearms. These are regulated items under the National Firearms Act (NFA).

To find out what a gun trust is, it is first useful to know what a living trust is. Living trusts are legal arrangements in which a person known as a «beneficiary» can own the property of another person, a «trustee», on their behalf. Living trusts operate in the same way as wills by transferring ownership in a legally binding and undeniable manner. Muzzle-loading firearms are exempt from the law (as they are defined as «antique firearms» and are not considered «firearms» under the GCA or NFA). Although common muzzle-loading shotguns are available in calibers larger than 0.50 inches, they are not regulated as destructive devices. Muzzle-loading guns are also exempt, as the law makes no difference in the size of muzzle-loading guns. Therefore, it is legal for a civilian to build muzzle-loading rifles, pistols, cannons and mortars without paperwork. However, ammunition for these weapons can still be classified as destructive devices themselves, such as: Explosive grenades.

While an «antique firearm» is not considered a «firearm» under the NFA, some states (such as Oregon) have laws that explicitly prohibit anyone who otherwise does not own or receive a «firearm» defined by the GCA or NFA (i.e., a criminal, a beneficiary of a dishonourable release from military service, a mental conviction, etc.) possess or receive an «antique firearm». [23] Proponents of European-style gun regulation remain silent about the widespread use of oppressors in Europe. Visit our Vermont Gun Trust page to learn more about how to create a gun trust. You will be surprised at how affordable this legal instrument is. MONTPELIER, VERMONT – Today, Governor Phil Scott (R-VT) signed into law p. 281, making Vermont the 41st state to allow the use of oppressors during hunting. The ASA-backed pro-suppressive provision of the bill, approved by Reps. Pat Brennan (R-Chittenden-9-2) and George Till (D-Chittenden-3), was amended during the May 10 debate in the House of Representatives. It was passed by the Senate as amended the next day. The new law, which includes a two-year sunset clause, will come into force on July 1.

To own a muffler in Vermont, you can simply purchase from Silencer Central, your local authorized dealer, and we will fill out the ATF registration documents. We even give you a free NFA gun trust so your family and close friends can legally use your silencer too! The importance of passing the bill is that there will be two years without a ban on the use of suppressors in hunting in Vermont. An NFA trust (also known as a firearms trust, Title II trust, ATF trust, or Class 3 trust) is a legal trust used in the United States to register and possess NFA firearms. Under the regulations, the use of a trust allows potential purchasers of NFA items to avoid some of the federal transfer requirements that would otherwise be imposed on an individual. [44] Like other trusts, estate planning allows the heir to use firearms. In 2013, the ATF proposed new rules,[45] often referred to as ATF Proposed Rule 41p, which, if passed, would require all «responsible persons» of a company used to purchase NFA items to follow the same procedures as individuals when purchasing NFA items. In an NFA trust, a responsible person is defined as «any concessionaire, trustee, beneficiary,. who has, directly or indirectly, power or authority in the context of an act of trust,.

So I really want to ring/smoke my headlights and taillights, but I can`t find any information about its legality. I see a lot of information about the windows but I can`t find anything about the lights? Am I stopped all the time? Is it worth it – or even legally?? Why would you smoke/dye your headlights and make them harder to see at night? As mentioned earlier, smoking your headlights is not a good idea. I`ve seen it, but it`s very rare because it`s a sure way to get a ticket. That being said, I tinted the taillights and haven`t had a problem for 3 years. I have LEDs so that they are easy to see in daylight when the brakes come on. If you decide to ring your taillights, make sure your lights are bright enough to see during the day. If not, you`re going to upset people and probably get a ticket for them. I have driven my travels with and through state patrols and residents at least a few times a week over the past year, they don`t care. I`m driving with a speed limit, so it probably helps (northern metro). I hope this helps. (c) A strobe lamp approved by this subdivision shall be of a dual-flash type certified weatherproof by the manufacturer and have an effective luminous power in accordance with or greater than the latest version of the international standard SAE J845, Class 2, or a subsequent standard. (1) on board an emergency vehicle, a school bus, a certified bicycle within the meaning of section 169.222, subdivision 6, Road maintenance equipment, Tow truck or tow truck within the meaning of section 168B.16, Service vehicle, Agricultural tractor, Self-propelled agricultural equipment, Rural postal transport vehicle or funeral vehicle; (a) Except as provided in subparagraphs (b) to (d), blue light shall be prohibited on all vehicles, with the exception of road maintenance equipment and snow removal equipment operated or contracted by the State or a political subdivision of the State.

(2) any transparent and colourless equipment or material; or (1) a manufacturer`s original equipment or materials; (b) A lighting device mounted on a vehicle delivered to the place of residence may project a white light to the rear if the plate projects one or more additional colours towards the rear; (a) notwithstanding anything to the contrary, a vehicle may be equipped with a 360-degree flash strobe light emitting white light with a flashing speed of 60 to 120 flashing lights per minute and the lamp may be used as provided for in this subdivision if the vehicle or the presence of a danger to motor traffic requiring unusual care at start-up, overtaking or overtaking; or (b) authorized emergency vehicles may display flashing blue lights at the rear of the vehicle as a warning signal in combination with other lamps authorized or prescribed in this Chapter. In addition, approved emergency vehicles fitted only on the passenger side may display blue lights at the front of the vehicle as a warning signal in combination with other lamps authorized or prescribed under this Chapter. I`m not questioning the car/truck culture, a lot of people create identities that revolve around what they drive. The more unique they are, the more personality they both have in the eyes of others who share this culture. (b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, a vehicle may be equipped with a 360-degree flashing light emitting a yellow light with a flash frequency of 60 to 120 flashes per minute and the lamp may be used as provided for in this subdivision if the vehicle is a rural postal transport vehicle. provided that the strobe lamp is mounted at the highest possible point on the vehicle. The strobe lamp can only be used when the vehicle is actually used in daylight when delivering mail to residents on a rural postal route. (b) A service vehicle shall not illuminate the luminous light approved in accordance with point (a) when travelling on the motorway or at any other time, except at the location of a disabled vehicle or during snow removal or road maintenance.

(1) a school bus that is subject to the equipment requirements of section 169.442, subparagraph 1, or a head restraint bus. The lamp shall be actuated from a separate switch containing an indicator light to indicate when the strobe lamp is used. Or purely for aesthetic reasons, and I`d probably upgrade my car to standard LED lights to try to save some of the brightness. I just think it looks really cool and would be an affordable way to make it more individual. (2720-250) 1937 c 464 s 100; 1947 C 428 S 29; 1949 c 90 s 3; 1953 c 103 s 1; 1959 c 521 s 10; 1971 c 53 s 1; 1971 c 491 s 19.20; 1976 c 104 s 2.3; 1981 c 191 s 5; 1991 C 112 S 3.5; 1991 C 339 S 7; 1992 C 464 Art. 2 Abs. 1; 1993 c 187 s 9; 1993 C 281 S 6; 1993 C 326 Art. 4 Abs. 3; 1994 c 478 s 2.3; 1994 C 603 S 13; 1994 C 635 Art.

1 S 13; 1994 C 647 Art. 12 S 28; 1995 c 120 s 1; 1999 C 35 S 1; 2000 C 293 S 1; 2002 C 316 S 2; 2003 C 49 S 1; 2008 C 350 Art. 1 S 96; 2012 C 287 Art. 3 S 64; Art. 4 Abs. 22; 1Sp2017 c 3 Art 3 s 65; 2019 c 18 s 4; 1Sp2019 c 3 art 3 s 56-58. (3) for a strobe fire as defined in subdivision 8; (1) equip a motor vehicle with equipment or material covering a headlamp, tail light or reflector; or (c) An authorized emergency vehicle may display an oscillating, alternating or rotating white light used in conjunction with an oscillating, alternating or rotating red light when responding to emergency calls. (5) in accordance with paragraph 4 of section 169.59; and (2) a road maintenance vehicle owned or contracted with the Ministry of Transportation or a road authority in a county, hometown, town or city, or city, but the strobe lamp may only be used when the vehicle is actually clearing snow during the day. (2) move at a speed at least ten miles per hour below the specified speed limit and move between the facilities where solid waste or recycling is to be collected. (a) Each service vehicle may be equipped with a yellow flashing light of a type approved by the Commissioner of Public Safety.

(b) A vehicle manufactured for use as an emergency vehicle may display and use coloured lamps that are not otherwise required or authorized in this Chapter, provided that it is the property of section 168.10 and is operated in accordance with section 168.10, is located solely as a collector`s item and not for general transportation purposes and is registered in accordance with section 168.10. Subdivision 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1G or 1H. A person may not activate the coloured lights permitted under this paragraph on roads or highways, except as part of a parade or other special event. (2) A school bus equipped with an additional warning system in accordance with § 169.4503 Subdivision 31. (c) A self-propelled restraint system may at any time indicate the lamp lit approved in accordance with point (a). All lamps or lamps illuminated in a motor vehicle, with the exception of a headlamp, headlamp or auxiliary traffic lamp, which project a light beam of more than 300 spark plugs, shall be directed in such a way that no part of the light beam reaches the level of the road on which the vehicle is stationary at a distance of more than 75 feet from the vehicle. (2) The vehicle has the right to affix a collection plate in accordance with clause 168.10. (4) as required for the lighting of registration plates referred to in paragraph 2 of section 169.50. (1) the vehicle is a collection vehicle within the meaning of section 168.10; or (1) stopped at a facility where solid waste or recycling is to be collected; or A solid waste vehicle or recycling vehicle may be equipped with a single yellow light that complies with the latest Society of Automotive Engineers standard for authorized maintenance and service vehicles, Class 2.

The lamp may be used only when the collection vehicle is in the process of collecting or recycling solid waste and that: (a) it is illegal to project white light into the rear of a vehicle while driving on a road or highway, with the exception of: (3) the cover of auxiliary lamps required by section 169.56. (a) except as provided in point (b), no person shall: (a) unless otherwise authorized by the Commissioner of Public Safety, no vehicle shall be equipped and no person may use a vehicle or equipment on a highway with a lamp or apparatus having a red light or a colour light not prescribed or authorized in this Chapter; drive or move. (b) All flashing warning lights shall be of the type permitted under paragraph 4 of section 169.59, unless otherwise permitted or required by this Chapter. (c) A motorcycle may display blue light with a diameter of up to one inch as part of the rear brake lamp of the motorcycle. (c) A stop lamp or a traffic light shall not emit dazzling or blinding light unless:.

Lupick T. By circumventing drug laws, Vancouver`s social housing operators are creating consumption spaces for tenants who fear fentanyl. 2017. The Georgia Straight. Available at: www.straight.com/news/859986/skirting-drug-laws-vancouver-social-housing-operators-create-consumption-rooms-tenants. Accessed May 12, 2017. McNeil R, Kerr T, Lampkin H, Small W. «We need a place where we can smoke crack»: an ethnographic study of an unapp approved safer smoking room in Vancouver, Canada. Int J Drug Policy. 2015;26(7):645–52. At least 100 monitored injection sites are in operation worldwide, mainly in Europe, Canada and Australia. As a rule, drug users arrive with their own drugs and are given clean needles and a clean and safe space to consume.

Staff are available with breathing masks and naloxone, the antidote to overdoses, providing advice on safer injections and information on drug treatment and other health services. Monitored injection sites such as Insite in Vancouver, Canada, provide addicts with clean needles and other supplies to prevent the spread of the disease. Elana Gordon for WHYY Hide caption Much of the existing research into the effects of supervised injection sites comes from two locations: the medically supervised injection site in Sydney, Australia, and Insite, a Vancouver facility that public health officials have been leading and researching for 15 years. Marshall BD, Milloy MJ, Wood E, Montaner JS, Kerr T. Reduced overdose mortality following the opening of the first safer, medically supervised injection site in North America: a retrospective population-based study. Lancet. 2011;377(9775):1429–37. While community consultation is important to ensure that public health and safety interests are balanced, this bill appears to be structured in such a way that the voices of opponents of harm reduction, however misinformed they may be, are favored over others that highlight the strong evidence that supervised injection facilities save lives.

The result is that Bill C-65 can put the views of people who find intravenous drug users tasteless above the need to take effective measures to limit the spread of disease and save lives. This bill appears to ignore evidence from a decade of experience in Vancouver, which jeopardizes the expansion of these services to other Canadian cities where a need has been identified.2 At the city level, it is difficult to know the size of the actual basic population of drug users. This leaves unanswered the number of websites needed to have a wider impact on the community. And where should they go? Who could benefit the most from a website and what is the most effective way to engage it? With a new government expressing support for FIS, and in light of the emerging epidemic of opioid overdoses, a number of communities have begun to develop plans to establish SIFs, and several have launched feasibility studies on FIS. Montreal quickly advanced its plan to open three ISPs and received approval from the federal government in February 2017 [48]. Polls have shown that public support for the SIFs in Montreal is high and that all levels of government support it [49]. Plans to open a mobile FIS were also discussed in Montreal [49]. In addition, the City of Vancouver has sought federal approval from several other ISPs, including a women-only ISP, which is expected to open in 2017 [50].

Other cities with advanced plans to open FIS were Victoria (one location) [51], Toronto (three locations) [52], Ottawa (one location) [53], Surrey (two locations) [54] and Edmonton (four locations, including a hospital) [55]. However, RIS support has changed significantly in these settings. In Ottawa, the mayor and police have strongly opposed FIS, making a number of statements that are inconsistent with the available evidence, including the suggestion that FIS increase crime [56, 57]. In Victoria, citizens` groups spoke out against needle exchange and other harm reduction programs and spoke out against SIFs [58]. In Kelowna and Kamloops, public opposition to FIS, particularly from local business associations [59], appears to have led local health authorities to opt for a mobile rather than a fixed FIS in each of these communities, as it proved too difficult to obtain acceptance of a particular permanent location for fixed FIS [60]. Watson TM, Bayoumi A, Kolla G, Penn R, Fischer B, Luce J, Strike C. Police perceptions of supervised consumption sites (SCS): a qualitative study. Name Use abuse. 2012;47(4):364–74.

Shannon K, Ishida T, Morgan R, Bear A, Oleson M, Kerr T, Tyndall MW. Potential impact of safer and medically supervised smoking facilities for crack users on the community and public health. Harm Reduct J. 2006;3:1. Wood E, Tyndall MW, Montaner JS, Kerr T. Summary of the results of the evaluation of a medically supervised and safer injection facility. CMAJ. 2006;175(11):1399–404. Wood E, Kerr T, Small W, Li K, Marsh DC, Montaner JS, Tyndall MW.

Changes in public policy following the opening of a medically supervised and safer injection site for illegal injection drug users. CMAJ. 2004;171(7):731–4. Johnson, J. 2 monitored drug use sites proposed for Surrey Fraser Health is applying for two sites in Whalley. 2017. Available at: www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/surrey-supervised-injection-sites-1.3884230. Accessed May 12, 2017.

Rider DP, Pagilaro J. Province is supporting and funding supervised injection sites in Toronto. thestar.com. 9 January 2017. Available at: www.thestar.com/news/city_hall/2017/01/09/province-backs-and-will-fundsupervised-injection-sites-in-toronto.html. Accessed May 12, 2017. Wood E, Tyndall MW, Lai C, Montaner JS, Kerr T. Effects of a medically supervised safer injecting facility on drug trafficking and other drug-related crime.

Name Abuse Policy. 2006;1:13. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Drug Perspective. Drug consumption rooms: an overview of the offer and evidence. 2016. Available at: www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/pods/drug-consumption-rooms. Retrieved 12 May 2017.

In September 2003, the first legally sanctioned SCIF in Canada was opened. This happened after a Vancouver-based non-governmental organization, the Portland Hotel Society (PHS), quietly erected a RIS in a nailed and apparently vacant building, and then one day publicly announced that the SIF had been built [3]. Finally, the regional health authority agreed to work with PHS to open the RIS, although it is unclear how long it might have taken if PHS had not taken the rather extraordinary step of building the physical site in secret. Critics say the monitored injection sites encourage drug use and bring crime to surrounding communities. Supporters argue that they can save lives and help people with addictions reconnect with society and receive health services. Outside with the dark alley, fear and shame, they say, with a safe space, clean injection supplies, care and compassion. It is an approach that is part of harm reduction, a public health philosophy that focuses on reducing the harms of drug use. Britten L. The chilliwack emergency room doctor says the city needs a monitored injection site. 2017.

CBC News. Available at: www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/chilliwack-supervised-injection-1.3931694. Accessed May 12, 2017. Damon W, Neufeld S. Safe underground injection site must be closed: The Vancouver Health Authority is closing an unapproved drug user site in downtown Eastside. In: Megaphon. Vancouver; 2014. The debate over the Weld C.

Kelowna safe injection site is raging. 2016. Kelowna Capital News. Still, he says the research — both «grey» and robust — highlights the benefits, especially in preventing deaths among society`s most vulnerable. No deaths at an injection site have been reported. A review of 75 studies in 2014 concluded that such places promote safer injection conditions, reduce overdoses, and improve access to health services. The injection sites monitored were associated with lower outdoor drug use and did not appear to have a negative impact on crime or drug use. Johnson L. Fentanyl Crisis: Drug Overdoses Claim An Unprecedented 914 Lives in B.C. in 2016 2017.

Available at: www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/overdose-death-statistics-2016-1.3941224. Retrieved 12 May 2017. CBC News. Health Minister Jane Philpott was «incredibly moved» by Insite`s monitored visit to the injection site. January. 2016;16. Available at: www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/jane-philpott-insite-1.3414078. Accessed May 12, 2017, Bill C-65, known as the Respect for Communities Act, introduces new requirements for supervised injection sites to obtain an exemption from the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. Without this legal exception, people who use an injection site risk being prosecuted for drug possession.

It appears that the federal government would see Canada`s drug policy continue to follow a strategy that has proven to be both costly and ineffective in addressing problematic drug use. Alex, C. Thunder Bay should have two safe injection sites, recommends a feasibility study. 2017. CBC News. Available from: www.cbc.ca/news/canada/thunder-bay/thunder-bay-safe-injection-two-sites-1.3971356. Accessed May 12, 2017. Heidenreich P. Edmonton Police Services provides conditional support for supervised injection sites. 2016. Global News.

Available at: globalnews.ca/news/3132475/edmonton-police-service-offers-conditional-support-of-safe-injection-sites/. Retrieved 12 May 2017. In addition, current gaps in the coverage of supervised injection facilities indicate that this evidence-based intervention needs to be scaled up to new environments and new approaches need to be considered.